Since Google’s “Penguin” update, hysteria over negative SEO has
exploded, with people blaming it for every problem from falling rankings
to their hands turning orange (Pro Tip: Check to see if you just ate a bag of Cheetos).
I feel roughly the same way about post-Penguin negative SEO as I do
about aliens. I’ve created the following graphic to illustrate my
beliefs:
Ok, maybe that sounded a little harsh, but here’s the point – while I
believe negative SEO is possible – and I’ve seen a handful of cases
where I’m pretty sure it was effective – it’s usually not the root cause
of a ranking drop. In other words: most people who think they’ve been
hit by negative SEO haven’t been. This post is an attempt to ease your
fears and help you find out if you’re one of the 0.1% who really saw
that UFO.
What Is Negative SEO?
Broadly defined, “negative SEO” can mean anything malicious someone does to harm your site’s rankings. Rand’s recent video on negative SEO
covers many examples and is a great recap. Within the context of the
Penguin update, though, negative SEO really only means one thing – that
someone has launched an organized effort to make your link profile look
bad. This usually means that they’ve hit you with a ton of low-quality
or clearly black-hat links across a large number of domains.
I don’t want to downplay attacks on your site. If you’ve had a security
breach, such as a DDoS that is taking down your site or an
SQL-injection attack that has modified your content or added outbound
links, take it seriously and handle it quickly. With link-based
“attacks,” though, the situation can get a lot trickier, and the cures
can sometimes be worse than the disease. If you just start hacking at
links or throw all of your time and money into fighting a perceived
threat that’s not the root cause of your problem, you could set back
your SEO efforts months.
What Are The Signs?
Let’s say you wake up one morning to find that your cat’s gone missing
and your rankings have dropped. Does that mean that your competitors are
up to no good? It’s possible, but I think it’s critical in 2012 SEO to
step back and assess the problem. Solving the wrong problem can be
catastrophic – at best, it’s just a waste of time and energy.
Even if your competitors are trying to cause trouble, that doesn’t mean
that what they’ve done has caused your problems. I’ve seen people do
ridiculously ineffective “negative SEO” – one client’s competitor hired a
low-rent firm to create a copy of the client’s site. That copy sat on a
staging server in India with no links and all but the home-page blocked
in Robots.txt. Was it malicious? Sure, but malicious idiots are still
idiots. It wasn’t worth an international incident to take that one rogue
site down. Real negative SEO takes a concerted effort and a fair amount
of know-how.
When someone is really attacking your link profile, and if that attack
is going to be effective, you’ll typically see unexplained, low-quality
links from a variety of root domains. Just slapping your link in the
footer of one bad site isn’t going to bring you down – low-quality links
happen in the wild all the time. You need to see a large-scale pattern.
Typically, you’ll also see a sudden spike in these links. An aggressive
attempt at negative SEO isn’t going to happen over years – it’s going
to be done in weeks. When you see massive, unexplained growth in
low-quality links, then you may have a problem.
I’m not going to dive deep into the tools, but there are multiple good
ones for getting different views of your link profile (and using more
than one is generally a good idea):
The new Bing Link Explorer replaces Yahoo! Link Explorer and seems
promising, but you’ll need to sign up for their webmaster tools. Both
our paid campaign management tools here on SEOmoz and Majestic's tools
will track historical data about your links. Keep in mind, though, that
link counts can spike for a lot of reasons. You’re not just looking for a
jump in the numbers – you’re looking for a clear pattern of malicious
links.
Even if you do see a spike in malicious links, the impact of an attack
is often temporary. Many times, people use methods that get quickly
removed or discounted (such as injecting links on other sites). When the
links go away, the problem often goes away. It’s not of much comfort in
the short-term, I realize, but it’s easy to be so aggressive that
Google spots the attack and devalues the links. Getting the balance just
right isn’t easy – many attempts at negative SEO fail.
Are Aliens Among Us?
About 70-80% of the time someone comes to me having just spotted a
bunch of unexplained low-quality links to their site, a little digging
turns up that it was the result of bad SEO by either their own team or
someone they hired. If it’s your own team, that’s good news (even if it
doesn’t feel that way) – you might be able to undo those links more
easily or even have a record of them. If you hire an outside
link-building firm, make sure you get a record of what they’ve done.
Once you realize they’ve trashed your link profile, it may be too late.
Monitor new link builders closely and insist that they track links. If they refuse, fire them. It’s that simple.
Can You Prevent It?
If someone really is out to get you and wants to spend the time and
money, there’s no doubt they can do a lot of damage. In most cases,
though, it’s just not cost effective, and building up a wall of defenses
and monitoring your links every hour isn’t cost effective for you,
either. So, what can you do to prevent the most common forms of attack?
Probably your best defense is to have a clean, authoritative link
profile. Google is looking at your entire pattern and history of links,
and if your site is strong with generally high-quality links, it’s a lot
harder to do you damage with a short-term attack. The most vulnerable
sites are new sites or sites that already have engaged in too much
low-quality link-building. If 80% of your links are junk, it’s not going
to take that much for a competitor to push you over the edge.
At the risk of oversimplifying: do good SEO. I’m not trying to downplay
the possibility of negative SEO – it does exist and it can do real
damage. I’m trying to drive home the point that it’s still very rare,
and most people are spending far too much time and money on tinfoil
hats. In 99% of cases, the SEO problems of websites in 2012, even after
Penguin, are self-inflicted. Start with what you control, and build a
better mousetrap – it’s still your best protection from anything the
competition can throw at you.